One of the most indispensable service inside a network is DHCP. Network information like IP Address, subnet mask, Default gateway, DNS address etc. are supplied via DHCP server.
A DHCP Server helps an administrator
to maintain and manage the network or network segments in a better way.
I would be covering the steps involved in promoting a basic
DHCP Server with Windows Server 2012.
Launch Server Manager and click Add Roles and Features.
The Add Roles and Features Wizard will be launched. Click Next
Here you will see the Server name and IP Address. I am promoting the DC as DHCP Server.
You can choose the desired server from the Server pool. Click Next to proceed.
Under the Server Roles section, choose DHCP Server and click Next.
Under Features section, you don't have to choose any feature but can proceed by clicking Next.
You got literally nothing to do with this window. This is just a brief up of what a DHCP Server does and the things to note before promoting a server as DHCP Server.
On proceeding, you will see the confirmation page. Click Install to start the Role installation. You can choose the option Restart the destination server automatically if required but a reboot is not need for DHCP Installation.
You can view the installation status as it progresses.
Once the installation is complete, you shall see the comment Installation succeeded on the respective server. But as it says, Configuration is required.
Launch Server Manager and you will see the notifications.
Click Complete DHCP configuration and a new wizard will popup.
Click Next to proceed.
The next option would be the Authorization window. In a domain environment, for a DHCP Server to issue IP address and other configurations, it should be authorized. In earlier days, authorization was done through the DHCP console.
You can specify the user credentials to use to authorize the Server. It can be the domain admin account or any other user account with the required privilege. You can even skip the authorization and authorize the server later on. However, I am authorizing the Server and proceeding.
Next is the Summary page
Click Close to finish
Now launch the DHCP Server console via the command dhcpmgmt.msc or through the new Metro UI Icon.
The DHCP Console will open up.
The next step is to configure the DHCP Scope.
To know more about a DHCP Scope, you may refer this link http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc726954(v=ws.10).aspx
To configure a scope, right click IPv4. As you can see we can configure the DHCP server for both IPv4 and IPv6. Click New Scope to launch the scope creation wizard.
Click Next
Now assign a Scope name. It can anything which helps an administrator to identify the scope. If you are configuring different subnets for different VLANs, you can give the VLAN name or VLAN number to easily identify the scope. Click Next to proceed.
Next is the IP address range and Subnet configuration.
You have to specify the start address, end address and the length of the subnet mask.
Click Next to proceed.
Next is the IP exclusion and delay configuration. You can exclude a single IP address or a range of IP address from the assigned range. The excluded IP address won't be issued by the DHCP server. In addition to exclusion, you can configure a subnet delay. By configuring a delay, you are actually controlling the transmission of DCHPOFFER message in the DORA Process.
To know more about the working of DHCP, you shall refer the link below.
To exclude IP address, type in the start and end IP address and click Add.
I had excluded three IP address from the pool
Now comes the Lease Duration option. By default the lease would be for 8 days.
The lease duration should be decided based on the networking devices you have. The lease specifies the time period for an IP address to stay in a client. The server will allocate an IP address to a client with a time period. In this case if I set the duration to 8 days, a client will contact the Server only after 8 days for an IP renewal. From a server perspective, an IP address will show as allocated for 8 days from the time of allocation.
Click Next
We have finished configuring the basic options for a DHCP Server. A DHCP server is not just for dynamically assigning IP address but can assign Default Gateway (Router address), DNS Server details, WINS Server if any and may more. This can be done via configuring the advance options. You have the choice to configure it along with the scope or can be configured later on.
Choose Yes, I want to configure these options now and click Next
The next windows would be to specify the Default Gateway address.
Type in the IP address and click Add.
Click Next to proceed.
The next option is to configure the DNS Server name. If you are installing the DHCP Server on a domain infrastructure, you will see the name of your domain and the DNS server address under parent domain name and IP address. However, you can add more server names if you have or if you wish to.
Click Next to proceed.
Next comes the WINS Server option. Specify the name of the WINS Server if you have one running inside your network.This is not a mandatory option. You can just click Next to proceed.
Next would the final option in the scope creation process. Scope Activation.
The configured scope should be Active in order to issue IP address. You can activate and deactivate a scope when required.
Choose Yes, I want to activate this scope now and click Next.
Click Finish to complete the scope creation wizard.
The installation is now complete.
Under the DHCP Console, you will see the configured scope.
To view the address range and excluded IP address, expand Scope and click Address Pool
To view the summary of scope, right click scope and choose Display Statistics.
You will see the details as follows.
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